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Worked cases, exam technique and chapter briefings, written by the clinicians who write the bank.
miscellaneous
Smoking cessation and even smoking reduction result in substantial health benefits. It is one of the leading preventable causes of death and is responsible for more than six million deaths worldwide. Patients who reduce the number of cigarettes by 50% reduce their risks of getting cardiovascular diseases by 27%. Currently, 21% of men and 15%...
May 31, 2019 · 7 min read
Gastroenterology
Hemochromatosis is a condition resulting from an excess of iron in the body. It can be a primary disorder that is hereditary and runs in families or secondary to excess iron ingestion and repeated blood transfusion. Symptoms of hemochromatosis may be subtle and may take months to years before the diagnosis is made. Iron-overload conditions...
May 30, 2019 · 5 min read
students corner
This is another interesting case of 32 years of age female, a diagnosed case of cardiomyopathy, who was admitted in our ward with a petechial skin rash which developed after she was prescribed rivaroxaban by a cardiologist for atrial fibrillation. History of the patient … The patient was labeled as a case of cardiomyopathy for...
May 23, 2019 · 4 min read
Diet&Drugs
Healthy habits may be linked to a long lifespan. Some may talk about getting fewer diseases. For others, healthy habits may be just the looks (fat, skinny, tanned, bald, etc). Still, others may link “healthy habits” to being tall, with good muscles (for men), shiny and silky hair (for women especially), shiny teeth, a moist...
May 16, 2019 · 4 min read
cancers
Multiple Myeloma is the clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. The signs and symptoms of multiple myeloma are very non-specific, however, skeletal-pains is among the most common presenting features. Multiple Myeloma Symptoms: Multiple Myeloma is a disease of old individuals. Thus, patients are usually more than 50 years of age. Very rarely,...
May 8, 2019 · 3 min read
students corner
An elderly patient was referred to Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences OPD for the work-up of hepatomegaly and weight loss. The patient, aged 65 years, with no previous premorbid conditions, was alright 8 months back when he developed abdominal pain. The pain was diffuse, moderate in intensity, and dragging in nature. It was associated with...
May 1, 2019 · 2 min read
Nephrology
Hyperkalemia treatment requires stabilizing the patient, shifting potassium into the cells, removing excess potassium from the body, and finding & treating the underlying cause. What is the normal potassium level in the plasma? Normal Potassium in the body is 98% intracellular (inside the cells) and 2% extracellular (in the plasma) The normal Potassium level in...
April 27, 2019 · 6 min read
miscellaneous
Acute Intermittent Porphyria is an autosomal dominant disorder resulting from a partial deficiency of PBG (porphobilinogen deaminase). Acute intermittent porphyria affects the central nervous system, peripheral, somatic and autonomic nervous system. Patients may present with intermittent attacks which may be life-threatening at times. Clinical features of Acute intermittent porphyria: Acute intermittent porphyria as the name...
April 21, 2019 · 3 min read
Neurology
Duchenne Muscular dystrophy is an X-linked congenital disorder where the genes are inherited from an affected parent. It is a disorder affecting primarily the skeletal muscles leading to progressive muscle weakness. Since the dystrophin gene is present on the X chromosome, it mainly affects the males. A young child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy A 13...
April 13, 2019 · 5 min read
miscellaneous
Kala pathar or Paraphenylene Diamine (PPD) is a commonly used ingredient in Henna and hair dyes. Local skin reactions are very common, however, severe allergic reactions may follow after ingestion of minute quantities of the powder. Being very cheap and easily available, it is now commonly used for a suicidal purpose. Accidental ingestion by kids...
March 30, 2019 · 4 min read
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