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Worked cases, exam technique and chapter briefings, written by the clinicians who write the bank.
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Brittle diabetes as the name suggests is the wide variation in blood sugars after a minute change in insulin dose. An increase in one or two units can cause hypoglycemia and vice versa i.e. marked hyperglycemia with a slight decrease in insulin. Brittle diabetes almost always occurs in type 1 diabetes but can also be...
July 9, 2018 · 3 min read
Diet&Drugs
Dyslipidemias in children with Diabetes Mellitus is reported to be around 18%. However, the use of statins in children is controversial. Diabetic patients are at increased risk of developing heart and renal diseases. Complications develop in diabetic patients after around ten to fifteen years. Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus are more difficult to manage....
July 8, 2018 · 4 min read
endocrinology
Weight gain is associated with physical and emotional distress. It results when caloric intake exceeds body requirement. True weight gain is excess body fat. Weight gain can also occur as a result of fluid accumulation in the body in certain conditions, most importantly heart diseases, kidney and liver diseases. Certain drugs can also result in...
July 8, 2018 · 6 min read
Diagnose yourself
A persistent cough with mucus or blood is an alarming situation. Cough syrup or an expectorant is not the solution. Here, I discuss some important symptoms which could be a clue to an underlying serious problem. A cough is a protective mechanism of the respiratory tract. It can be acute or chronic. An acute cough...
July 7, 2018 · 4 min read
endocrinology
For many years the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was based on the fasting and two-hour post meals blood glucose levels. In 1997 data was examined and the level of blood sugars at which there was a very low prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (eye changes in diabetes) was established. These data confirmed the 200 mg/dl cut...
July 7, 2018 · 5 min read
Diet&Drugs
Dapagliflozin is a drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Since long been in trials, it is a newer addition to the oral medications used in diabetes mellitus. Various companies have started marketing it in Pakistan. This is a very good news for patients who have failed to control their blood sugars...
July 7, 2018 · 4 min read
infectious disease
Typhoid fever is a very common clinical presentation throughout Pakistan. Typhidot test is a rapid diagnostic test to diagnose typhoid fever. Despite its low sensitivity (70%) and low specificity (40%), it is still a widely used test throughout the country. People are being labeled as having typhoid fever based on a positive Typhidot test without...
July 7, 2018 · 5 min read
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