Blog
Worked cases, exam technique and chapter briefings, written by the clinicians who write the bank.
Diagnose yourself
PUO or Pyrexia of unknown or FUO (Fever of unknown origin) origin refers to a febrile state of a prolonged duration without any obvious cause. It is important to note that PUO is not a diagnosis, it is a failure on the part of the physician to reach a diagnosis. Quite often, the physician is...
June 16, 2019 · 7 min read
Diseases
A 19-year-old student of 10th class was admitted to our ward with a history of recurrent abnormal movements, confusion and altered state of consciousness for 2 years. While attending school, he was unable to concentrate and developed mental cloudiness after 12:00 PM in school almost every day. These symptoms persisted and were ignored by the...
August 20, 2021 · 5 min read
Diseases
This presentation about the important causes and symptoms of hypercalcemia has been prepared by our post-graduate resident Dr. Tayyaba Noor. Approach to Hypercalcemia – Introduction: Calcium is one of the most abundant minerals in the human body and it has many important biological functions. 1000-2000 g of Calcium is present normally in the human body...
May 17, 2021 · 6 min read
News and updates
Apixaban has recently been marketed by many pharmaceutical companies in Pakistan including Highnoon Laboratories PVT, Pharmevo PVT, and GETZ Pharmaceutical company. Like Rivaroxaban, it is also available as an oral tablet formulation. It is available in a dosage form of 2.5 mg and 5 mg and the usual dose is one or two tablets twice...
November 14, 2020 · 3 min read
students corner
A young man came to the OPD with fever and shivering for the past two months. Fever was undocumented with shivering and especially would spike at night. It was associated with sweating as well. The patient has been visiting different hospitals and private clinics and received antibiotics and analgesic medicines multiple times. He also received...
October 18, 2020 · 2 min read
Cardiology
Pulsus paradoxus is an exaggerated fall in a patient’s systolic blood pressure during inspiration by greater than 10 mm Hg. The fall in systolic blood pressure during inspiration in normal individuals is less than 10 mmHg. How to check for pulses paradoxus? Pulsus paradoxus is not checked as you check for radial, brachial, or carotid...
June 3, 2020 · 2 min read
Diet
When you get old, you become more prone to infections. Although “50 years” is not considered aged, you need to start taking vitamins to boost immunity and fight the infections. Aging is not a disease state but physiologic changes that do occur. Most patients note subtle changes like body temperature and sleep abnormalities after the...
March 15, 2020 · 7 min read
Hematology
Symptoms of Blood cancer are usually subtle and missed. Certain symptoms may point towards the disease and should not be taken lightly if present. Blood cancer means leukemias. Leukemias are classified as acute or chronic leukemia. Acute leukemia can be either myeloid leukemia or lymphoblastic leukemia. Chronic leukemia can be chronic myeloid leukemia or chronic...
February 6, 2020 · 5 min read
endocrinology
What is osteoporosis? It is a disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in the risk of fracture. The Wolrd Health Organization (WHO) defines osteoporosis as a bone density that falls 2.5 standard deviations (sd) below the mean for young healthy...
December 21, 2019 · 6 min read
endocrinology
Metabolic syndrome is also called “syndrome X” and “insulin resistance syndrome”. It consists of metabolic abnormalities that increase the risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes mellitus. The main features of the metabolic syndrome are: Central obesity Hypertriglyceridemia Low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol Hyperglycemia Hypertension Prevalence of Metabolic syndrome: The highest recorded prevalence...
November 16, 2019 · 5 min read
Neurology
Difficulty in walking may be secondary to a disorder in the joints, muscles, peripheral nerves, or a central cause. This is a story of our patient who presented with vertigo and walking difficulty for the past six months. This patient has no comorbid conditions like Diabetes, Hypertension, or Cardiovascular diseases. He noticed that while walking,...
October 18, 2019 · 3 min read
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